| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
From the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (Drs. Schmitt, Davis, Wekstein, Smith, Ashford, and Markesbery) and the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Schmitt, Smith, and Markesbery), Pathology (Drs. Davis and Markesbery), Physiology (Dr. Wekstein), and Psychiatry (Dr. Ashford), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Frederick A. Schmitt, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the Department of Neurology, L445 KY Clinic, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536; e-mail: fas_com{at}coa.uky.edu
OBJECTIVE: To classify neuropathologic alterations in the brains of nondemented older adults using current sets of criteria for AD.
BACKGROUND: AD neuropathologic alterations are found in the brains of some nondemented elderly subjects and suggest the possibility of presymptomatic AD. Three sets of guidelines have been developed to classify AD using senile plaques, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT).
METHODS: Neuropathologic changes in 59 older adults followed longitudinally with a standard battery of mental status measures were investigated using Khachaturian, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), and National Institute on Aging–Reagan Institute (NIA-RI) guidelines. AD neuropathologic markers were evaluated in neocortical and allocortical regions. Cases were categorized as neuropathologically "normal" or "AD-like" and compared for possible mental status differences.
RESULTS: Between 11 and 49% of cases met one or more of the three classifications of AD. With adjustments for multiple comparisons, only NFT in hippocampal CA1 region were associated with autopsy age, suggesting that this may represent a pathologic process associated with normal brain aging. Using the NIA-RI guidelines, subjects in the AD-like group performed less well on the immediate paragraph recall and word-list delayed recall than their counterparts who did not meet these guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the prevalence of "preclinical" AD in our population is relatively low based on the NIA-RI classification. Although many subjects had AD-like changes based on CERAD and Khachaturian guidelines, they exhibited no differences in mental performance, suggesting that the aging brain may be able to withstand such structural changes without meaningful impact on mental functioning.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. C. Mormino, J. T. Kluth, C. M. Madison, G. D. Rabinovici, S. L. Baker, B. L. Miller, R. A. Koeppe, C. A. Mathis, M. W. Weiner, W. J. Jagust, et al. Episodic memory loss is related to hippocampal-mediated {beta}-amyloid deposition in elderly subjects Brain, November 28, 2008; (2008) awn320v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Jack Jr, V. J. Lowe, M. L. Senjem, S. D. Weigand, B. J. Kemp, M. M. Shiung, D. S. Knopman, B. F. Boeve, W. E. Klunk, C. A. Mathis, et al. 11C PiB and structural MRI provide complementary information in imaging of Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment Brain, March 1, 2008; 131(3): 665 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-X. Wang, B. W. Rajeev, A. J. Stromberg, N. Ren, G. Tang, Q. Huang, I. Rigoutsos, and P. T. Nelson The Expression of MicroRNA miR-107 Decreases Early in Alzheimer's Disease and May Accelerate Disease Progression through Regulation of {beta}-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-Cleaving Enzyme 1 J. Neurosci., January 30, 2008; 28(5): 1213 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. B. Hall, C. Derby, A. LeValley, M. J. Katz, J. Verghese, and R. B. Lipton Education delays accelerated decline on a memory test in persons who develop dementia Neurology, October 23, 2007; 69(17): 1657 - 1664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Blacker, H. Lee, A. Muzikansky, E. C. Martin, R. Tanzi, J. J. McArdle, M. Moss, and M. Albert Neuropsychological Measures in Normal Individuals That Predict Subsequent Cognitive Decline Arch Neurol, June 1, 2007; 64(6): 862 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-g. Lee, X. Zhu, R. J. Castellani, A. Nunomura, G. Perry, and M. A. Smith Amyloid-beta in Alzheimer Disease: The Null versus the Alternate Hypotheses J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2007; 321(3): 823 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Smith, H. Chebrolu, D. R. Wekstein, F. A. Schmitt, G. A. Jicha, G. Cooper, and W. R. Markesbery Brain structural alterations before mild cognitive impairment Neurology, April 17, 2007; 68(16): 1268 - 1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Bottiggi, J. C. Salazar, L. Yu, A. M. Caban-Holt, M. Ryan, M. S. Mendiondo, and F. A. Schmitt Long-Term Cognitive Impact of Anticholinergic Medications in Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, November 1, 2006; 14(11): 980 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Engler, A. Forsberg, O. Almkvist, G. Blomquist, E. Larsson, I. Savitcheva, A. Wall, A. Ringheim, B. Langstrom, and A. Nordberg Two-year follow-up of amyloid deposition in patients with Alzheimer's disease Brain, November 1, 2006; 129(11): 2856 - 2866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Drachman Aging of the brain, entropy, and Alzheimer disease Neurology, October 24, 2006; 67(8): 1340 - 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Mintun, G. N. LaRossa, Y. I. Sheline, C. S. Dence, S. Y. Lee, R. H. Mach, W. E. Klunk, C. A. Mathis, S. T. DeKosky, and J. C. Morris [11C]PIB in a nondemented population: Potential antecedent marker of Alzheimer disease Neurology, August 8, 2006; 67(3): 446 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Bennett, J. A. Schneider, Z. Arvanitakis, J. F. Kelly, N. T. Aggarwal, R. C. Shah, and R. S. Wilson Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies Neurology, June 27, 2006; 66(12): 1837 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Kryscio, F. A. Schmitt, J. C. Salazar, M. S. Mendiondo, and W. R. Markesbery Risk factors for transitions from normal to mild cognitive impairment and dementia Neurology, March 28, 2006; 66(6): 828 - 832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. R. Markesbery, F. A. Schmitt, R. J. Kryscio, D. G. Davis, C. D. Smith, and D. R. Wekstein Neuropathologic Substrate of Mild Cognitive Impairment Arch Neurol, January 1, 2006; 63(1): 38 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. White, B. J. Small, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, K. Masaki, R. D. Abbott, J. Hardman, D. Davis, J. Nelson, and W. Markesbery Recent Clinical-Pathologic Research on the Causes of Dementia in Late Life: Update From the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2005; 18(4): 224 - 227. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Coats and J. C. Morris Antecedent Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Adult Children Study J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2005; 18(4): 242 - 244. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Galvin, K. K. Powlishta, K. Wilkins, D. W. McKeel Jr, C. Xiong, E. Grant, M. Storandt, and J. C. Morris Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Dementia: A Clinicopathologic Study Arch Neurol, May 1, 2005; 62(5): 758 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Keller, F. A. Schmitt, S. W. Scheff, Q. Ding, Q. Chen, D. A. Butterfield, and W. R. Markesbery Evidence of increased oxidative damage in subjects with mild cognitive impairment Neurology, April 12, 2005; 64(7): 1152 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Honig, N. Scarmeas, K. J. Hatanpaa, and J. C. Troncoso Most cases of dementia with hippocampal sclerosis may represent frontotemporal dementia Neurology, March 22, 2005; 64(6): 1102 - 1102. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Jorm, K. H. Masaki, D. G. Davis, J. Hardman, J. Nelson, W. R. Markesbery, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, and L. R. White Memory complaints in nondemented men predict future pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer disease Neurology, November 23, 2004; 63(10): 1960 - 1961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Blalock, J. W. Geddes, K. C. Chen, N. M. Porter, W. R. Markesbery, and P. W. Landfield Incipient Alzheimer's disease: Microarray correlation analyses reveal major transcriptional and tumor suppressor responses PNAS, February 17, 2004; 101(7): 2173 - 2178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Gaugler, M. Mendiondo, C. D. Smith, and F. A. Schmitt Secondary dementia caregiving and its consequences American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, September 1, 2003; 18(5): 300 - 308. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.C. Silbert, J.F. Quinn, M.M. Moore, E. Corbridge, M.J. Ball, G. Murdoch, G. Sexton, and J.A. Kaye Changes in premorbid brain volume predict Alzheimer's disease pathology Neurology, August 26, 2003; 61(4): 487 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, D. A. Evans, C. F. Mendes de Leon, S. E. Arnold, L. L. Barnes, and J. L. Bienias Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons Neurology, June 24, 2003; 60(12): 1909 - 1915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Gaugler, S. B. Wackerbarth, M. Mendiondo, F. A. Schmitt, and C. D. Smith The characteristics of dementia caregiving onset American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, March 1, 2003; 18(2): 97 - 104. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. Schmitt, M. M. C. Wetherby, D. R. Wekstein, C. M. S. Dearth, and W. R. Markesbery Brain Donation in Normal Aging: Procedures, Motivations, and Donor Characteristics From the Biologically Resilient Adults in Neurological Studies (BRAiNS) Project Gerontologist, December 1, 2001; 41(6): 716 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Mendiondo, R. J. Kryscio, and F. A. Schmitt Models of progression in AD: Predicting disability and costs Neurology, September 25, 2001; 57(6): 943 - 944. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Small, L. Fratiglioni, and L. Backman Canaries in a Coal Mine: Cognitive Markers of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2001; 58(9): 859 - 860. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Price, A. I. Ko, M. J. Wade, S. K. Tsou, D. W. McKeel, and J. C. Morris Neuron Number in the Entorhinal Cortex and CA1 in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Arch Neurol, September 1, 2001; 58(9): 1395 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.P. Goldman, J.L. Price, M. Storandt, E.A. Grant, D.W. McKeel Jr., E.H. Rubin, and J.C. Morris Absence of cognitive impairment or decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease Neurology, February 13, 2001; 56(3): 361 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
