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A gene for nonsyndromic mental retardation maps to chromosome 3p25-pter

From the Laboratories of Clinical Neurogenetics (Dr. Higgins and J.M. Loveless) and Neuromuscular Genetics (Dr. Rosen), Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health; and the Neurogenetics Clinic (Drs. Higgins and Clyman) and Department of Psychology (Dr. Grau), Center for the Disabled, Albany, NY.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Joseph J. Higgins, Laboratory of Clinical Neurogenetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509; e-mail: jhiggins{at}wadsworth.org

OBJECTIVE: To establish genetic linkage between polymorphic microsatellite loci and a disease locus responsible for an autosomal recessive type of nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR).

BACKGROUND: Although MR is the most common developmental disability in the United States, the etiologies of most nonsyndromic cases are not known.

METHODS: A genealogic database provided information to reconstruct the relationships between 32 individuals from five nuclear families in a single pedigree with 10 affected individuals with nonsyndromic MR. To find a MR disease locus in this population, we performed a genome-wide search using genetic loci spaced at 10- to 20-cM intervals. Pairwise linkage analysis, multipoint linkage analysis, and haplotype reconstruction were used to localize the disease gene.

RESULTS: Genetic linkage between a MR disease locus and locus D3S3050 on chromosome 3p25-pter was established with a Z_max = 9.18 at = 0.00. Fine mapping this region delimited a 13.47-cM candidate interval defined by key recombinants at loci D3S3525 and D3S1304. Multipoint linkage analysis refined the critical region to a 6.71-cM interval flanked by loci D3S3525 and D3S1560. Evidence that a gene for MR resides in this location is supported by previous breakpoint deletion mapping studies performed in the chromosome 3p- syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a gene on the subtelomeric region of chromosome 3p contributes to general intelligence. The genes for the cell adhesion L1-like molecule (CALL), the inositol triphosphate receptor (ITPR1), and the AD neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) are leading positional candidates because of their role in brain development, neuronal signaling, and structure.

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