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UCLA Schools of Medicine (Drs. Miller, Satz, and Van Gorp) and Public Health (Dr. Visscher), Los Angeles, CA; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (Drs. Selnes and McArthur, and A.M. Machado), Baltimore, MD; University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Becker), Pittsburgh, PA; and Northwestern University Medical School (Drs. Cohen and Sheridan), Chicago, IL.
We administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological measures to assess cognitive functions in a group of 769 HIV-1 seronagative, 727 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Groups 2 and 3), and 84 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Measures included tests of attention, memory, and psychomotor speed. Comparison of group means revealed significant differences in performance between HIV-1 seropositive and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive subjects on measures of memory and on measures with strong motor and psychomotor timed components. These findings support the sensitivity of these neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive changes that may be related to HIV-1, and are consistent with other reports of neuropsychological abnormalities in symptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. Asymptomatic seroropositive men, on the other hand, did not differ significantly from seronegative subjects on any of the neuropsychological measures. Only 5.5% of the asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive men showed abnormal performance on individual tests. This proportion did not differ significantly from that of seronegative controls. Further, among asymptomatic seropositive subjects, we found no statistically significant differences as a function of duration of HIV infection or level of immune system functioning. Thus, results from this study support the hypothesis that the frequency of neuropsychological abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected homosexual men is low, and not statistically different from that of seronegative controls.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Eric N. Miller, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, Neuropsychology, Room C8-747 NPI,760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
*The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neuropsychologic Working Group consists of the following investigators in addition to the cited authors. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions—Julie H. McArthur, RN, BSN; Tish Nance-Sproson, MHA; Sue Bass, MA; and Alfred Saah, MD, MPH; Chicago, Howard Brown Memorial Clinic-Northwestern University Medical School—Joan S. Chmiel, PhD, and John P. Phair, MD; Los Angeles, University of California at Los Angeles Schools of Public Health and Medicine—Hal Morgenstern, PhD; Marc Nuwer, MD, PhD; Jan Dudley, MPH; and Roger Detels, MD, MS; Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine—Charles R. Rinaldo, Jr, PhD.
Supported by National Institutes of Health contracts N01 AI 32520, AI 72631, AI 72634, AI 32535, and AI 72676, R01 NS 23936, and the OP GCRC 5MO1RR00722.
Received June 30, 1989. Accepted for publication in final form August 29, 1989.
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