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NEUROLOGY 1981;31:1042
© 1981 American Academy of Neurology

Phenobarbital maintenance dose requirements in treating neonatal seizures

James H. Fischer, Pharm.D., Lawrence A. Lockman, M.D., Darwin Zaske, Pharm.D. and Robert Kriel, M.D.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology (Drs. Lockman and Kriel) and the College of Pharmacy (Drs. Fischer and Zaske), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (Dr. Kriel) and the Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Services (Drs. Fischer and Zaske). St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, MN.

we studied the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in 15 neonates after a single intramuscular dose. The mean apparent distribution volume, half-life, and apparent total body clearance were 0.81 liter per kilogram, 103.4 hours, and 6.4 ml per hour per kilogram, respectively. Substantial interpatient variation was observed in the half-life and apparent total body clearance. Maintenance doses of 3.1 and 3.8 mg per kilogram per day were projected from the mean apparent total body clearance to produce plasma concentrations of 20 and 25 pg per milliliter, respectively. These recommendations provide initial maintenance dosage guidelines, which should be adjusted according to plasma concentrations and clinical effects.




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J. J. Riviello Jr
Pharmacology Review: Drug Therapy for Neonatal Seizures: Part 1
NeoReviews, May 1, 2004; 5(5): e215 - e220.
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