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Cell-mediated immunity to neural antigens in idiopathic polyneuritis and myeloradiculitis

Clinical-immunologic classification of several autoimmune demyelinating disorders

Department of Chemical Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Patients with peripheral nervous system disorders were tested for the presence of cellular hypersensitivity to peripheral and central nervous system antigens by means of the in vitro lymphocyte transformation technique. Lymphocytes sensitized to the neuritogenic peripheral nervous system P₁L basic protein were found in pure polyradiculitis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome type. Lymphocytes from patients with myeloradiculitis underwent transformation by peripheral P₂ basic protein and by central nervous system basic encephalitogenic protein. In cases of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy response was shown to the central nervous system basic encephalitogen and to both of the peripheral nerve basic proteins. Lymphocytes from patients with other neurologic conditions showed no response to any of these antigens. These findings suggest that cell mediated immunity to specific basic proteins of the myelin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned demyelinating disorders and may lead to a new approach in their classification and diagnosis.

This study was supported in part by a grant from the Joint Research Fund of the Hebrew University and Hadassah University Hospital.

Received for publication April 17, 1975.

Dr. Abramsky's address is Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

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